4/9/2023 0 Comments Magna graecia vessel![]() ![]() ![]() Tuberculosis (TB) generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. tuberculosis cause disseminated infections, inducing granulomatous inflammation in multiple organs. chimaera affected cases have been reported in 11 other countries, including Canada, the USA, Europe, and Australia. The first cases were observed in Switzerland in 2013. chimaera from other MAC bacteria, more attention has been given to this strain. With increased usage of ECMO systems and the ability to distinguish M. It is primarily transmitted via thermoregulatory components of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) systems and water tanks of heater-cooler units (HCUs). chimaera infections, especially among individuals undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Since 2013, there has been an unprecedented increase in the incidence of M. Before 2013, this mycobacterium was known to cause respiratory infections in immunocompromised individuals. chimaera acts as an opportunistic pathogen. intracellulare by most of the clinical microbiology laboratories. Before its first identification, owing to ambiguous genetic features characterizing its strains, it had been wrongly identified as M. chimaera is a non-tuberculous, slow-growing, mycobacterium that belongs to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). In the last few years, Mycobacterium chimaera, a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), has gained awareness because of a worldwide hospital-acquired outbreak of disseminated infections following open-heart surgery. chimaera infection and tuberculosis, emphasizing similarities and differences in imaging patterns between these two entities and highlighting the relevance of multimodal imaging in the management of the infections. In this review, we summarized and compared the available literature on multimodal imaging data of M. This approach is crucial to differentiate between active and inactive ocular disease, and guides clinicians in their decisional-tree during the patients’ follow-up. To date, multimodal non-invasive imaging modalities that include ultra-wide field fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, facilitate in vivo examination of retinal and choroidal tissues, enabling early diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and relapse detection. tuberculosis and other infectious disorders. Thus, it becomes imperative to distinguish chorioretinal lesions associated with M. In both disorders, ocular manifestation can be the first sign of a systemic infection, and a delayed diagnosis might reduce the response to treatment leading to negative outcomes. Due to their non-specific diagnostic patterns of ocular infection, differential diagnosis between Mycobacterium ( M.) chimaera and tuberculosis can be challenging. ![]()
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